Daidaitaccen niƙa na ciyarwa shine ainihin ma'aunin jiki wanda ke shafar aikin haɓakar broiler, yana daidaita kai tsaye tare da ingantaccen narkewar abinci, haɓakar gastrointestinal tract (GIT), da farashin noma, don haka yana buƙatar takamaiman tsari a hade tare da matakan girma da nau'ikan ciyarwa.
Hanyoyin Tasirin Mahimmanci
1. Narkewar Narkar da Abinci
- Nika mai kyau (<500 μm): Ƙayyadaddun yanki na abinci yana ƙaruwa sosai, yana ba da damar samun ƙarin isassun hulɗa tare da enzymes masu narkewa kuma ta haka yana ƙarfafa makamashi da furotin. Duk da haka, yana kula da haifar da ƙumburi na chyme na ciki, rashin isasshen shigar da acid acid na ciki wanda ke haifar da rashin narkewar furotin, kuma yana hanzarta jigilar chyme na hanji, yana rage lokacin riƙe abinci. A cikin dogon lokaci, ana iya rage yawan sha da ma'adinai.
- Niƙa matsakaici (700-900 μm): Daidaita ingancin narkewa da buƙatun niƙa, cimma ingantacciyar furotin da ƙimar amfani da makamashi, wanda shine mafi kyawun kewayon duk tsarin samar da broiler.
- Nika mai yawa (> 1200 μm): Rashin isassun yanki na musamman yana haifar da rashin isasshen enzymatic hydrolysis da ƙananan amfani da abinci. Sabanin haka, yana tsawaita lokacin riƙe chyme na hanji, yana haɓaka gizzard peristalsis da haɓaka, kuma yana haɓaka lafiyar hanji.
2. Ci gaban Ci Gaba
| Nika Mai Kyau |
Matakin da ake Aiwatarwa |
Babban Tasirin |
Ƙarshen Bincike Na Musamman |
| Mafi Girma (500-700 μm) |
Chicks Broiler (1-10 Kwanaki na Shekaru) |
Inganta matsakaicin ribar yau da kullun (ADG) da rabon canjin ciyarwa (FCR) |
Nika mai kyau a lokacin lokacin farawa zai iya inganta FCR ta 15% kuma yana ƙara nauyin jiki ta 10% -15%. |
| Matsakaici-Lafiya (700-900 μm) |
Girma Broilers (11-28 Kwanaki na Shekaru) |
Daidaita girma da haɓakar hanji, tare da madaidaicin juzu'in canjin abinci |
Domin 817 broilers shekaru 35-50 kwanaki, FCR na 2.5 mm sieve kungiyar ne muhimmanci kasa da na 1.5 mm da 3.5 mm kungiyoyin. |
| Matsakaici-Maɗaukaki (900-1200 μm) |
Kammala Broilers (Kwana 28 - Yanka) |
Inganta ci gaban tsoka da rage haɗarin cututtukan hanji |
Nika mai tsaka-tsaki a cikin ƙarshen zamani na iya ƙara nauyin gawa da 2% -3% da nauyin tsokar cinya da 5%. |
| Mafi Girma (> 1200 μm) |
Zagayen Samar da Gabaɗaya (Ba a Shawarar) |
Wahala wajen cin abinci, rashin ci gaba, da kuma mummuna yanayin juyar da abinci |
Lokacin da girman ƙwayar masara> 1644 μm, cin abinci na broiler yana ƙaruwa da 180g, amma FCR yana da muni sosai. |
3. Lafiyar gabobin hanji da narkewar abinci
- Nika mai kyau: Rashin motsa jiki ga gizzard, yana haifar da hypoplasia da asarar nauyi; yana rushe ma'auni na microbiota na hanji, yana rage yawan lactobacillus, yana haɓaka haɗarin yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa (misali, Clostridium perfringens), kuma cikin sauƙin haifar da gudawa da enteritis.
- Niƙa matsakaici: Mahimmanci yana haɓaka nauyin gizzard kuma yana haɓaka peristalsis, yadda ya kamata a niƙa abinci, kunna ɓoyayyen acid na ciki, rage pH na hanji, da hana ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogenic; yana inganta tsayin intestinal villus da villus \/crypt ratio (V\/C), don haka yana haɓaka ƙarfin sha na gina jiki.
- Nika mai yawa: Yana ɗaukar nauyin gizzard, ƙara yawan amfani da makamashi kuma yana haifar da ci gaba; yana rage saurin ciyarwa, cikin sauƙi yana haifar da rashin isasshen abinci, musamman yana tasiri farkon girma na kajin broiler.
4. Kudin sarrafawa da Noma
- Nika mai kyau: Yana ƙaruwa nika ikon amfanita 30% -50%, yana rage ƙarfin samar da abinci; yana sa ciyarwa ta kasance mai saurin sha da ɗanshi, yana rage kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana ƙara gurɓatar ƙura.
- Niƙa matsakaici: Daidaita farashin sarrafawa da amfani da kayan abinci; yana samun ƙarin cikakken sitaci gelatinization a lokacin pelleting, inganta barbashi durability index (PDI), da sarrafawa. ƙimar tara pelletcikin 5%.
- Nika mai yawa: Sakamako a cikin rashin daidaituwa na haɗakarwa, mai sauƙi ga rarrabuwa na gina jiki, don haka yana tasiri tasirin dabara; yana ƙara wahalar pelletization kuma yana haɓaka farashin pelleting.
Tsare-tsare na Musamman na Haɓaka Mataki
1. Matakin Chick (1-10 Kwanaki na Shekaru)
- Nasiha mai kyau: Masara: 520-600 μm; Abincin waken soya: 470-530 μm; Gabaɗaya matsakaicin girman barbashi: 550-700 μm
- Babban manufar: Tabbatar da ingancin ciyarwa, inganta nauyin jiki na farko da FCR
- Bayanan kula: Ka guje wa niƙa da yawa (> 800 μm) don hana wahalar ciyar da kaji; fifita micro-lafiya ko niƙa mai kyau, haɗe da crumbled pellets (2000-2500 μm)don daidaita jin daɗin jin daɗi da kuzarin gizzard.
2. Matsayin Girman Broiler (11-28 Kwanaki na Shekaru)
- Nasiha mai kyau: Masara: 700-900 μm; Abincin waken soya: 600-800 μm; Gabaɗaya matsakaicin girman barbashi: 800-1000 μm
- Babban manufar: Ma'auni girma girma da kuma ci gaban hanji, rage ciyar hira rabo
- Bayanan kula: Ƙara 5%-10% m barbashi (1500-2000 μm)don tada ci gaban gizzard ba tare da shafar ingancin ciyarwa ba.
3. Kammala Matakin Broiler ( Kwanaki 29 - Yanka)
- Nasiha mai kyau: Masara: 900-1200 μm; Abincin waken soya: 800-1000 μm; Gabaɗaya matsakaicin girman barbashi: 1000-1200 μm
- Babban manufar: Inganta amfani da abinci mai gina jiki, haɓaka ingancin gawa, da rage haɗarin cututtukan hanji
- Bayanan kula: Kauce wa manyan barbashi da yawa (> 1600 μm) don hana rashin isasshen abinci; riqo a "Lafiya nika + m barbashi" bimodal rarraba yanayintare da m barbashi lissafin 20%-30%, daidaita narkewa yadda ya dace da gizzard kiwon lafiya.
Mabuɗin Ka'ida
Daidaita da Fom ɗin Ciyarwa
- Abincin Pelleted yana da ƙananan hankali ga lafiya fiye da abincin dusa; bambance-bambancen girman barbashi a cikin pellets ba su da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin girma.
- Abincin Mash dole ne ya sarrafa lafiya sosai don guje wa rashin isasshen abinci da matsalolin narkewar abinci da ke haifar da wuce gona da iri.
Daidaita da Bambance-bambancen Kayan Kayan Abinci
- Nikacin masara na iya zama ɗan ƙaranci fiye da abincin waken soya: iyakar shawarar masara shine 700-1200 μm, abincin waken soya shine 600-900 μm.
- Dole ne a sarrafa niƙan alkama a cikin 1.5-2.5 mm don kauce wa yin tasiri ga amfani da makamashi saboda girman kai.
Daidaita Tsayi
- A hankali ƙara niƙa fineness yayin da broilers tsufa; idan gudawa ko tabarbarewar FCR ta auku, ba da fifikon duba ingancin abinci don guje wa wuce gona da iri.
Daidaita Tsari
- Nika fineness kafin pelleting dole ne ya dace da yanayin yanayin sanyi da zobe mutu budewadon tabbatar da ingancin pellet, sarrafawa ƙimar tara pellet a cikin 5% - 8%.
Takaitawa
Tasirin niƙa fineness akan aikin samar da broiler yana da takamaiman mataki. Babban ka'ida shine mai kyau ga kajin, matsakaici don shuka broilers, kuma ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi don gama broilers, tare da gaba ɗaya kewayon 550-1200 μm, daidaita narkewar abinci mai gina jiki, lafiyar hanji, da farashin sarrafawa. A cikin samarwa mai amfani, ana ba da shawarar daidaita daidaitaccen tsari ta hanyar Gano girman rabon barbashi (misali, hanyar nazarin allo), haɓaka haɓakawa a hade tare da yanayin kiwo, halayen kiwo, da nau'in ciyarwa, don cimma cikakkiyar fa'idodin rage FCR ta 5% -10% da haɓaka ADG ta 8% -15%.
